Mr. Sunshine- the FL pretends to be a weak and naive girl / noble who is sheltered from the world, but she is really a master sniper and secret agent for the Righteous Army; on a few occasions the ML also feigns ignorance or lets others assume he is less of a threat than he actually is
City Hunter - ML pretends to be weak
Pinocchio - ML pretends to be stupid
You Who Came from the Stars - an immortal extraterrestrial with super-strength, super-speed, and the ability to stop time pretends to be an ordinary professor
Strong Woman Do Bong Soon - the FL has super-strength but generally tries to keep it a secret and even acts weak in front of the boy she likes
The Masked Lover - the ML is an experienced cop who pretends to be an entry-level wannabe-gangster as part of a personal undercover mission and consequently moderates his personality and hides the extent of his skills / competence when he can
Where Stars Land - as a result of a major accident, the ML cannot move his right arm or leg on his own; he wears special metal devices that allow him to move normally, but they also give him super-strength, which he hides
Are You Human Too? - the ML is a robot with super-strength and advanced artificial intelligence but pretends to be a human
Sungkyunkwan Scandal - the SML pretends to be a dull-witted student who fails his classes and drinks and gambles in order to hide the fact that he is actually a vigilante rebel seeking justice + a master archer + very well read; the FL is very clever but hides her abilities / limits herself to transcription work and helping nobles cheat on the civil exam (until the ML intervenes) because she is a girl
Love in the Moonlight - my memory is a bit hazy on the details for this one, but I think the ML pretended to be weak and incompetent for reasons related to palace politics
Smaller instances:
Mad Dog - when the other characters first meet the ML, he pretends to be foolish in order to win a bet
Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok Joo - the FL is a top university-level weightlifter but hides that fact when she develops a crush on a doctor who runs a weight loss clinic
Story of Yanxi Palace - on several occasions the FL pretends to be weak or stupid to lure her opponents into a false sense of security or to carry out a scheme
The Eternal Love 2- the ML loves teasing the FL by pretending to be injured and does so on multiple occasions
The underlined dramas are ones I rated 8 or above based on my personal enjoyment.
It reminded me of Angry Mom, but less darker. The heir of a famous gang leader has to go back to school to earn the Yakuza Boss title. He has to hide the fact that he's an adult criminal, but he's not that smart, and he learns more than he asked for.