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I think you're failing to consider the differences between male and female sexuality, as well as social norms. For example, you can easily subtly depict a beautiful female body in a sexy, aesthetically pleasing way, while emphasizing male sexuality, including male genitalia, would immediately make the moment too vulgar. This is not least due to the severe restrictions on male erotica in a male-centric world, but still. Similarly, media typically normalizes male interest in sex while criticizing women for their interest in the same thing, so you're unlikely to find much female-focused media with such overt sexualization of the male body.

Speaking of objectification, I'm afraid the problem lies in the female POV. As a man who's watched a lot of shoujo and josei content, I can confirm that, depending on the case, content aimed at women can objectify male characters just as much as content aimed at men can objectify female characters. We simply often don't notice this due to our gendered lenses. Just take the male love interest from some cult drama aimed at women and try gender-swapping the characters. What do you think the chances are that you'll end up with an absurdly idealized woman who's perfectly comfortable for the protagonist, and you won't like it? This happens a lot in shoujo anime and manga actually (even good gender-neutral works can offer you absurdly perfect bishonens), but unlike waifu in male manga and anime, no one complains about it.

I'm not saying this is all bad and everyone needs to grab torches and pitchforks to fight it. No. What I'm saying is that interest in attractive, idealized partners doesn't depend on a person's gender or sexuality, and that's normal.

BL wasn't originally a Japanese genre, yaoi was. BL is a general Western term for any queer male content. Like GL, it's used much more widely than anime or manga. The Japanese didn't invent gay male content, Lmao. And what you call heteronormativity in this case is actually a mixture of (pseudo) heterosexual dynamics and the principle of passive and active relationships, common to most beings. Even if we ignore the fact that BL was written by straight women, with all that that entails, even people in same-sex relationships admitted that even within the same gender, they ultimately leaned toward the convenient dichotomy of "active, strong partner vs. passive, caring partner." It's a social construct based on the simplest social formulas.

But yes, regarding taboos. In a male-centric world, where male content is often perceived as the default, GL is expected to be much more accepted, even by women, than BL. The most obvious sign of this is the more lenient censorship for lesbian characters and subplots in mainstream media than for gay male ones.

 RobertBobert:
Speaking of objectification, I'm afraid the problem lies in the female POV. As a man who's watched a lot of shoujo and josei content, I can confirm that, depending on the case, content aimed at women can objectify male characters just as much as content aimed at men can objectify female characters. We simply often don't notice this due to our gendered lenses. Just take the male love interest from some cult drama aimed at women and try gender-swapping the characters. What do you think the chances are that you'll end up with an absurdly idealized woman who's perfectly comfortable for the protagonist, and you won't like it? This happens a lot in shoujo anime and manga actually (even good gender-neutral works can offer you absurdly perfect bishonens), but unlike waifu in male manga and anime, no one complains about it.

I fail to see how this has anything to do with character agency, and therefore objectification? Idealization sure, yes, that's symmetrical, we agree on that. But a character doesn't need to be idealized to be objectified, even, they only need to lack agency. A character can be presented as ugly and still be objectified. Fat female characters often get objectified in order to be made fun of. (Not that I'm saying fat characters are inherently ugly, but mainstream media is sadly saying that.)

Can you give an example of a male love interest in a shoujo drama whose actions do not influence the plot?

Romance is actually not the genre where you should be looking for objectification. Romance as a genre kind of by definition pits the protagonist against the love interest (technically the antagonist). They have opposing goals and ideas, and the plot is them each taking their own actions in opposition to each other, eventually overcoming their differences to end up together. It's quite hard to make a romance where either the main protagonist or main antagonist has no influence on the plot, because then what's left of the plot? Where's the conflict to overcome?

One thing you could do would be to introduce a villain putting external pressure on the couple, so that you have the main protagonist fighting an external battle (to fight disapproving parents or save the world or whatever) and then give the protagonist a love interest who is arm-candy or a damsel (damsels are usually female but they can be male, the point is that they are an object to be saved), who makes no decisions regarding the main conflict. But at that point it has kind of left the romance genre and only includes an element of romance within a main narrative about fighting for personal acceptance or something.

Another thing you could do is to have a character put up token resistance, or to reveal that they've actually been manipulated this whole time and none of their actions ever actually mattered. Look at the 'groundhog day' movie. It went to great metaphysical lengths to make sure none of the love interest's actions or opinions would ever stick, and the guy would eventually 'get' her if he just put in the correct combination of actions. She's like a static puzzle to unlock.


 RobertBobert:
as well as social norms. For example, you can easily subtly depict a beautiful female body in a sexy, aesthetically pleasing way, while emphasizing male sexuality, including male genitalia, would immediately make the moment too vulgar.

Exactly, it's social norms that cause the difference. That's sexism at work. That's exactly the point. 

There's also this thing where straight men get (homophobically) uncomfortable with any media that sexualizes male bodies, because they feel that it's gay for them to see it at all. Straight women don't get homophobically uncomfortable with media that sexualizes female bodies (they only get feministically uncomfortable), because they just assume 'this content is not intended for me', while straight men do expect that things are adapted for male interests specifically, because you know, they usually are. You see McDonalds ads featuring sexualized women in the mainstream, but never featuring sexualized men. 

But you're right that purity culture also plays a role in the way that male love interests don't get sexualized nearly as overtly.


Idk if that second post was directed at me or at someone else. It doesn't seem to relate to anything I said.

 RobertBobert:
BL was written by straight women

Mostly untrue. Afab queerness just gets erased a lot, for complex societal reasons.

 RobertBobert:
In a male-centric world, where male content is often perceived as the default, GL is expected to be much more accepted, even by women, than BL. The most obvious sign of this is the more lenient censorship for lesbian characters and subplots in mainstream media than for gay male ones.

Truth. But lesbians have historically been relegated to being a subplot, tucked into the mainstream but always on the sidelines, not deemed to be important enough to be the main plot. The recent GL wave is not like that. Gay men have historically tended to be main plot material. Too taboo to be mainstream, but within their niche they got the entire spotlight. Straight men aren't as homophobically uncomfortable with watching lesbian content as they are with content about gay men, so lesbians get a small spot in the mainstream, just still mostly catered to turning straight men on rather than to actually telling lesbian stories in their own right.


Also your BL/yaoi etymology is way off. Not that it matters. Funnily enough, 'yaoi' has never been as popular a term in Japan as it was in the west, while the term 'BL' did originate in Japan and is still fairly common there (though obviously it has now expanded way beyond Japan). This is because a word in a foreign language is more obfuscated and therefore a better euphemism. It's ultimately purity culture. 

You are confusing objectification with the protagonist's POV.  Obviously, any show will focus on the protagonist's actions and perceive the world through their lens. There's even a term for "protagonist-centered morality," which refers to how a show's definition of good and evil depends largely on the protagonist's perspective.  You yourself insist that social differences between men and women are a social construct, so I don't understand why you're trying to cling to differences here.

If you need an example, just take any 90s teen drama/comedy for girls, most of the guys there are idealized handsome guys who fall for the casual MC even if there are hot chicks around. This is a universal mechanism regardless of gender. If you need an example specifically in shoujo, Maid Sama! is a prime example where even a gender-neutral work with well-written characters still features an extremely idealized, almost Gary Stu-esque male love interest. If it had been a woman, the author would have quickly been accused of objectification.

Partially. It's not just that men are more homophobic or that social norms around sexuality differ, but also that men and women have fundamentally different sexual characteristics. You can create an aesthetically pleasing cleavage, but you can't aesthetically suggest a character's large penis. Our life is a mixture of the social and the biological.

I don't know why you're arguing with this, but it's true. Unlike GL, which was initially born in female culture and featured many queer female authors, BL was largely written by straight women for straight women. Japanese and Korean gay men distance themselves from this because of objectification and harmful stereotypes, preferring more masculine media like Bara. Btw, during the discussion of this in the 90s, even many yaoi authors acknowledged that the genre was written by women for women and shouldn't be looked for as a true representation of Japanese gay men. If you pay attention, while GL has both female and male targeting, BL dramas, anime or manga are almost always female-oriented.

Relatively so. For example, in the early 20th century, Class S was so dominant in Japanese young adult literature that homoerotic romantic friendships between girls were considered the primary form of female teen drama, and many straight women even talked about and dreamed of such experiences. One can also recall the Victorian women's culture of the time, etc. And this was at a time when Oscar Wilde was imprisoned for even the most basic homoerotic innuendos in his book. 

I won't even mention that while BL authors themselves joked about their work being heavily sexualized, GL actively explored feminist and social themes. And so on. Of course, a significant part of this was due to the homophobic dismissal of queer female relationships, which I've already discussed in the context of more lenient censorship, but you shouldn't simplify everything into a black-and-white dichotomy.

For a variety of reasons, queer content has long been in the mainstream, despite serious homophobia even in Japan. Just look at how widespread homoerotica and queerbaiting are, even where creators reject objective gay content. Straight people may be homophobic in general, but they always actively objectify queer people and opposite-sex relationships.

Again, you're confusing the context. Initially, "yaoi" was the self-designation for any manga gay male content, right up until the point where most works were doujinshi or experiments with new formats (women's fiction, of course). The word is an old meme in Japan, and the Japanese have even come up with a bunch of rather funny words for it. BL and GL emerged later as a description of any similar content, including Western content. Similarly, you're more likely to see the word yuri used to describe Japanese lesbian or female homoerotic content, while GL is used as a broader term. In our case, the person confused the use of the word in a Japanese context with gay male fiction in general, which was clearly a grave mistake.

Again, everything is relative, and things always have many nuances. Especially in culture. So try to explore the diversity of things, rather than reducing them to labels or generalizations. You value diversity, right?

Also, please refrain from breaking up my posts into separate quotes. It's very casuistic, forces me to write many different responses instead of one, and is simply problematic.

 RobertBobert:
You yourself insist that social differences between men and women are a social construct

I think you're confusing me with someone else.

 RobertBobert:
You are confusing objectification with the protagonist's POV.

When feminists say 'objectification' they mean that a character lacks agency. Given that this is the third time I'm saying this and you're still arguing semantics and idealization, I give up on communicating this point now.

 RobertBobert:
even many yaoi authors acknowledged that the genre was written by women for women and shouldn't be looked for as a true representation of Japanese gay men.

Truth, written mostly by women for women, a lot of whom were queer.

 RobertBobert:
Again, everything is relative, and things always have many nuances. Especially in culture. So try to explore the diversity of things, rather than reducing them to labels or generalizations. You value diversity, right?

I do, which is why I use words like 'tend to', 'often' and 'one of the reasons for', to indicate that none of it is universal, and there are always more factors to be discovered.

You seem to be getting pretty agitated, and I'm not feeling like matching that. So I wish you a great rest of your weekend, and a good time watching dramas. Goodbye now.

I asked you not to break my post into separate points, but you continue to do so. This is my final response to you in this case.

No, you literally just called any of my references to the difference in female and male POV a social construct.  When I pointed out to you the opposite, you, on the contrary, began to emphasize the fundamental nature of the difference.

Most feminist terms, even the most key ones, have very broad usage and are often adjusted depending on the debate. What you're doing now is pushing back the barriers, adding additional criteria to the definition of the word to prevent criticism of its classic definition. Because in most cases, what feminists call female objectification is really just the idealization of female characters through a male POV. 

You missed the "straight women for straight women" part. I understand why you're trying to convince yourself that BL isn't about women objectifying idealized men, but you should just accept it. Most female BL authors don't hide it, by the way. By the same logic, I can come up with the idea that many men who draw yuri are gay to refute the objectification of queer women in yuri. That's silly. 

Women's media also objectifies and sexualizes male characters for obvious reasons. And there's nothing wrong or shameful about that. I understand that this conflicts with your narratives about sexualization and objectification in male media in the "it's different, you don't understand" way, but that's how things work because we're all human.

If for you, pointing out the relativity of things and the existence of many nuances behind erroneously simple things means "getting pretty agitated ," then the conversation is truly meaningless.

 RobertBobert:
Also, please refrain from breaking up my posts into separate quotes. It's very casuistic, forces me to write many different responses instead of one, and is simply problematic.

No. It's decades-old forum and pre-forum etiquette for indicating what part of a post someone is responding to more directly. It's very useful in helping both those involved and those just reading follow the conversation.

Your lack of quotes means everyone except you has to work out what you're talking about. It's not always clear. Are you here for a conversation or to lecture?

 RobertBobert:
You can create an aesthetically pleasing cleavage, but you can't aesthetically suggest a character's large penis.

No. There's a LOT of cultural baggage going on in that false assertion.

 RobertBobert:
everything is relative, and things always have many nuances. Especially in culture

See above =D

 Elisheva:

No. It's decades-old forum and pre-forum etiquette for indicating what part of a post someone is responding to more directly. It's very useful in helping both those involved and those just reading follow the conversation.

Your lack of quotes means everyone except you has to work out what you're talking about. It's not always clear. Are you here for a conversation or to lecture?

No. There's a LOT of cultural baggage going on in that false assertion.

See above =D

I've been using forums since the late 2000s, and I've only seen this in the last 5-10 years. It's pure casuistry, breaking your thesis into many smaller points and forcing you to write a bunch of disparate responses instead of one coherent one.

It's not my problem that you write huge walls of text that can't be quoted.

"No, you're wrong!" and "see the previous answer" are not answers, they are sophistry.  However, as I see, you are not going to add anything new to the dialogue in advance and will simply act as a bodyguard for the previous commentator, so I will end this in advance and simply ignore you, sorry. Don't expect respect if you don't intend to respect your interlocutor in the first place.

 RobertBobert:
I've been using forums since the late 2000s, and I've only seen this in the last 5-10 years. It's pure casuistry, breaking your thesis into many smaller points and forcing you to write a bunch of disparate responses instead of one coherent one.

Shrugs. I was using it 25 years ago. But no matter =D

It's not forcing YOU to do anything. You are free to reply in whatever manner you want. So read the reply to you as a whole, where that's appropriate, and respond in one piece. Highlight quoting is a very effective way of communicating what is specifically being responded to. It's wonderfully helpful for most of us, which is why it's so commonly used. If it's not for you, just ignore it. You are free to do that.

 RobertBobert:
It's not my problem that you write huge walls of text that can't be quoted.

The obvious "Quote at the bottom quotes an entire post. The devs built in limits on what can be quoted that way.

Highlight the bit you want to quote. A "Quote should appear just above it. That will cite just a part. It's how the rest of us have done it with yours. That the devs built in this feature very specifically indicates the appropriateness of its use, as does the frequency with which the rest of us are using it. Not just in this thread but across the forums.

Now that you know how to do it, you can go back and show me which wall of text of mine you're referring to =D

 RobertBobert:
"No, you're wrong!" and "see the previous answer" are not answers, they are sophistry.

My use of "no" was to indicate disagreement. You got it wrong. I went on to explain why. Your assertions of sophistry are the sophistry here =D

"See above =D" was using your own words, those in the quote, as part of my argument. You argue for cultural conditioning when it suits you but failed to see it in the part which I pulled out to disagree with.

 RobertBobert:
However, as I see, you are not going to add anything new to the dialogue in advance and will simply act as a bodyguard for the previous commentator, so I will end this in advance and simply ignore you, sorry. Don't expect respect if you don't intend to respect your interlocutor in the first place.

No. You got me wrong again. (Statement of fact, not sophistry.) I addressed two things in your post which Ryn hadn't but jumped out at me, especially the one which you repeated. Really does look like you don't understand the purpose of highlight quoting, or why the rest of us aren't inclined to accede to your formatting demands.

(Please note: It was a conscious choice to begin outside of what Ryn focused on rather than jump in on those points. I haven't participated in this thread for a wee while so this was getting back into it and beginning to find my place in the current conversation. I'm happy to talk in-depth and substantially.)

Who said I expect respect? I'm a woman on the internet, I know how it works. But where have I disrespected you? Are you upset because I am in a good mood today and smiling a lot? Because I'd rather be friendly and happy, today especially, than stern and grumpy? Is that what you require as a sign of respect?

Ok then, to be perfectly frank, serious and unsmiling - you come across like you're expecting deference and that you see anything else as a lack of respect for you.

And continuing to be frank, serious and unsmiling, I don't see you giving much, if any, respect for others in this thread.

If you are genuinely here for conversation, and not to lecture us (per my earlier, genuine question to you), then communicating respect rather than demanding the rest of us do things as you wish, will help greatly. But if you are here solely to lecture, just say that too.

I hope your day is good =D

 Ryn:

I'm done talking to you but I will still help you with tech. In order to quote a small part of a giant post, you use your mouse to select/highlight a sentence in someone's post, and then a button pops up that says 'quote'. Click it. Tadaa.

I generally avoid arguing with walls of text, as they require excessive attention and analysis. Such comments usually consist of a large number of disparate theses, and you either end up in a casuistic dispute, or you begin to misunderstand each other and ultimately end up in conflict, because it is very difficult to maintain such a reasonable communication for a long time.

i'm mainly in Ryn's camp on this one .   while bl can certainly have aspects of objectification in them more often than not the point of them isn't cause the guys look good so much as the story interactions and expressions that are the pull imo.   thats not to say that some more smutty yaoi doesn't exist strictly for the goods ,  but even then its usually got some form of emotional pull, hence the difference between the mentioned man vs female gaze.     i have alot of thoughts in my head about the topic but theres alot of back and forth i just read n frankly its all a bit jumbled ,....

which is why its right that elisheva pointed out the usefulness of having segments be quoted cause frankly it is just easier to reply sensibly on a topic instead of ppl assuming your following a specific segment when a person may not be ....   but its ~5:30am and i'm not in the right headspace for a more eloquent reply  i merely wanted to toss in my 2cents after reading all this 

 styx971:

i'm mainly in Ryn's camp on this one .   while bl can certainly have aspects of objectification in them more often than not the point of them isn't cause the guys look good so much as the story interactions and expressions that are the pull imo.   thats not to say that some more smutty yaoi doesn't exist strictly more the goods ,  but even then its usually got some form of emotional pull, hence the difference between the mentioned man vs female gaze.     i have alot of thoughts in my head about the topic but theres alot of back and forth i just read n frankly its all a bit jumbled ,....

which is why its right that elisheva pointed out the usefulness of having segments be quoted cause frankly it is just easier to reply sensibly on a topic instead of ppl assuming your following a specific segment when a person may not be ....   but its ~5:30am and i'm not in the right headspace for a more eloquent reply  i merely wanted to toss in my 2cents after reading all this 

This would work if female objectification didn't also extend to pleasurable situations and the like, but it doesn't. As I said above. The feminist interpretation of the word "objectification" is too broad and allows for the argument to be adjusted depending on the situation, which truly turns this argument into a situational overreach.  Men are also interested in a wide variety of shared experiences just like women, and to claim that men are only interested in sexual attractiveness in women would be downright sexist and gender stereotyping.

But otherwise, as I said before, you simply don't consider that the female gaze and the male gaze operate on a basic level according to similar laws; it's just that our POV obscures this, creating the illusion that fetishization only exists in media for the opposite sex. Because as a woman, you're better able to notice the unrealistic nature of female representation, and as a man, I'm better able to notice the unrealistic nature of male representation. It's true that female gaze is less directly erotic due to gender-based social norms, but women aren't asexual, and eroticism still exists, just on a more subtle level than in male gaze. That's all.

 RobertBobert:
Men are also interested in a wide variety of shared experiences just like women, and to claim that men are only interested in sexual attractiveness in women would be downright sexist and gender stereotyping.

your totally right in this point ,  its just that the sad fact is generally speaking things how most things  tend to portray men which is to say in a sorta toxic masculinity type of way .    my own fiancestruggles with this in a way , topic post aside hes the type of guy who is a bit of a 'softy' who enjoys emotional aspects of things and will often get emotional watching stuff,..  sadly that makes him hyperaware of his surroundings like he has to hide it (he doesn't!) cause ppl might laugh at him , ... admittedly i do laugh but mainly cause i think its cute (which probably doesn't help) ,  but  its a fact that he gets a bit of a bad wrap with some ppl we know cause its like i'm the 1 wearing the pants not him ,..  its a ridiculous statement in general but its just an example of the compounding issue of how society looks at things...


 RobertBobert:
It's true that female gaze is less directly erotic due to gender-based social norms, but women aren't asexual, and eroticism still exists, just on a more subtle level than in male gaze.

i think thats the issue tho ,.. its not that your wrong in this statement your not ,  but the female gaze being more subtle is exactly the point in the difference between the two.  tho idk if subtle is exactly the right way to describe things either? ,...

...  i mean personally i'm ok with either version myself.  i enjoy porn , preferably gay since i'm not attracted to females tho hetero is Fine ,   but i equally and most often prefer more soft core or erotica than porn because of how things are portrayed i guess? ...  all of them are forms of eroticism  but male gaze stuff tends to be more explicit and visual , vs female is more implied or if explict tends to have more emotionally expressive glances between characters or more detailed euphemisms for actions.  i won't say men can't write a good romance novel or anything cause that would be absurd , but there is a reason i think why there are more female writers for romance novels than men and thats ignoring BL as a genre and just broadly speaking its not that they can't write a good story so much as they tend to lack in alot of the  details women tend to look for cause generally speaking we process things differently.  often it'll just be more tell than show and details are missing i guess i'd say ....  its hard to discribe exactly what i'm trying to say ,  its a bit after 7am and i'm ready for dinner and bed ( night creature that i am) 

Toxic masculinity is largely a label created to demonize male traits. That's not to say men can't exhibit toxicity, but when I hear toxic masculinity described as a manifestation of competition or physical strength, it begins to sound as if being a man in general means being toxic. The main problem is that men and women see each other solely through black and white mirror instead of trying to understand each other's perspectives. This results in people fighting for the sexualization of the opposite sex while simultaneously trying to prohibit the sexualization of their own. This is an artificial conflict that distracts from a more real one.

The problem isn't that male gaze is more overtly sexualized—you can find more subtle male-focused work, too. The problem is that modern media still treats male content as the default. So when audiences demand more female POV representation and content for female audiences, producers simply dabble in male-focused content, creating conflict between male and female audiences instead of creating a more realistic balance. The popularity of shows like Free demonstrates that women also want male sexual content, but instead, we're once again getting a battle of the genders instead of developing content for both genders simultaneously.